What is a Virtual Private Network (VPN)?
A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a cybersecurity technology that creates a secure, encrypted tunnel between a user’s device and the internet. This tunnel ensures that data remains private and protected from potential cyber threats, including hackers, surveillance, and data tracking by Internet Service Providers (ISPs).
By encrypting internet traffic and masking the user's IP address, a VPN prevents third parties from monitoring online activities. This makes it an essential tool for both individuals and businesses looking to enhance online privacy and security. By leveraging a VPN, users can browse the internet more securely, access content without restrictions, and protect sensitive data from cyber threats.
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Explore Orixcom Dedicated Internet AccessHow do VPNs Work?
A VPN (Virtual Private Network) functions by establishing a secure, encrypted connection between a user’s device and a VPN server. This encrypted tunnel ensures that all internet traffic is protected from cyber threats, government surveillance, and ISP tracking. When a user connects to a VPN, their data is securely routed through the VPN server before reaching its destination, hiding their real IP address and location.
Here’s how the process works:
- Encryption – VPNs encrypt all internet traffic, making it unreadable to unauthorised parties, such as hackers, ISPs, or public Wi-Fi network operators. This ensures that sensitive information, like passwords and financial details, remains secure.
- IP Masking – A VPN replaces the user’s real IP address with the IP address of the VPN server. This makes it appear as though the user is browsing from a different location, helping maintain anonymity and bypass content restrictions.
- Tunnelling Protocols – VPNs use various tunnelling protocols to create a secure connection. Some of the most common ones include:
- OpenVPN – A widely used, highly secure open-source protocol.
- IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) – Often used for encrypting data at the network layer.
- L2TP (Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol) – Typically combined with IPSec for stronger security.
- Server Routing – VPN traffic is routed through servers located in different countries. This allows users to bypass geo-blocks, access region-restricted content, and avoid censorship in certain regions.
By encrypting traffic and masking IP addresses, VPNs provide a layer of security and anonymity, making it harder for third parties to monitor, track, or intercept online activities. Whether for privacy protection, secure remote work, or unrestricted internet access, VPNs play a crucial role in modern cybersecurity.
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Types of VPNs
VPNs come in different types, each designed for specific use cases. Whether for businesses connecting multiple offices, individuals working remotely, or securing cloud applications, different VPNs offer varying levels of security, flexibility, and performance. Below are the key types of VPNs and their purposes.
Site-to-Site VPN
A Site-to-Site VPN links multiple networks across different locations, allowing businesses to establish secure connections between branch offices. This is commonly used by enterprises with geographically distributed teams that need seamless access to shared resources without exposing sensitive data to the internet.
Remote Access VPN
A Remote Access VPN is designed for individual users who need to securely connect to a private network from outside the organisation. Employees working remotely can use this VPN to access company systems, files, and applications securely, ensuring data protection even over public Wi-Fi or home networks.
Cloud VPN
A Cloud VPN enables secure access to cloud-hosted applications and services. Unlike traditional VPNs that focus on physical network connections, Cloud VPNs work within virtual cloud environments, making them ideal for businesses that operate on hybrid or multi-cloud infrastructures.
SSL VPN
An SSL VPN (Secure Sockets Layer VPN) allows users to securely access web applications through a standard web browser. Unlike conventional VPNs, SSL VPNs do not require specialised software, making them a user-friendly option for remote access. These VPNs are commonly used for securing access to corporate web applications and intranet portals.
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunnelling Protocol) VPN
One of the oldest VPN protocols, PPTP VPN is known for its fast connection speeds but lacks robust security features. Due to its weaker encryption, it is rarely used today for security-sensitive applications but may still be found in legacy systems.
L2TP (Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol) VPN
L2TP VPN is often combined with IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) to enhance encryption and security. While it offers better security than PPTP, it may experience slower performance due to double encryption, making it more suitable for applications where security is prioritised over speed.
Each type of VPN serves different purposes, and organisations or individuals must choose the right one based on their security, access, and performance needs.
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Key Benefits of Using a VPN
A VPN is not just a tool for privacy-conscious individuals—it also provides significant advantages for businesses and remote workers. By encrypting data, masking IP addresses, and enabling secure access to online resources, VPNs enhance security, accessibility, and network performance. Below are some of the key benefits of using a VPN.
1. Enhanced Privacy and Security
One of the primary reasons for using a VPN is data protection. A VPN encrypts all internet traffic, ensuring that sensitive information—such as passwords, financial details, and personal communications—remains secure. This prevents cybercriminals, Internet Service Providers (ISPs), and government agencies from tracking, intercepting, or monitoring online activities. VPNs are particularly useful when using public Wi-Fi networks, which are often vulnerable to hacking attempts.
2. Access to Restricted Content
Many websites and online services impose geo-restrictions, limiting access based on a user’s location. VPNs allow users to bypass these restrictions by connecting to servers in different countries, enabling access to:
- Streaming platforms like Netflix, Hulu, and BBC iPlayer
- Websites and services blocked by regional censorship
- Corporate resources that are location-restricted
This is especially beneficial for travellers, expatriates, and businesses needing global access to digital services.
3. Network Scalability
For businesses, VPNs provide a cost-effective way to scale network access. Instead of investing in expensive dedicated infrastructure, organisations can use VPNs to securely connect employees, branch offices, and cloud environments. This is particularly useful for companies with remote teams or international operations, as it ensures secure and consistent access to corporate networks.
4. Reduce Bandwidth Throttling
Some ISPs throttle internet speeds for activities like streaming, gaming, or large downloads. By encrypting traffic, a VPN hides the nature of online activities, preventing ISPs from intentionally slowing down the connection. This can result in smoother streaming, faster downloads, and better online gaming performance.
5. Reduce Support Costs
VPNs help organisations reduce IT support and infrastructure costs. By enabling secure remote access, employees can connect to company systems without requiring complex, on-premises security solutions. This eliminates the need for expensive private networks or dedicated IT maintenance, making VPNs a cost-efficient alternative to traditional remote access solutions.
Whether for security, access to global content, or business scalability, VPNs provide numerous advantages, making them an essential tool in today's digital landscape.
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Explore DIAHow to Set Up and Use a VPN
Setting up and using a VPN is straightforward but choosing the right provider and configuring it correctly is crucial for security, performance, and accessibility. Below is a step-by-step guide to selecting, installing, and optimising a VPN for safe and efficient use.
1. Choosing the Right VPN Provider
When selecting a VPN provider, consider the following key factors:
- Security Features – Ensure the VPN offers strong encryption protocols (such as AES-256), a no-log policy, and additional security features like kill switch and DNS leak protection.
- Server Locations – More server locations allow greater flexibility in bypassing geo-restrictions and accessing international content.
- Speed and Performance – Look for high-speed servers that reduce buffering and lag, especially for activities like streaming and gaming.
- Compatibility – Verify that the VPN is compatible with all your devices and operating systems, including Windows, macOS, iOS, Android, and routers.
- Customer Support – Reliable 24/7 support and user-friendly guides can help resolve technical issues quickly.
2. Installation and Configuration
Step-by-Step Guide
- Download and Install – Choose a reputable VPN provider, sign up for a subscription (if required), and download the official VPN app for your device.
- Login and Configure Settings – Open the VPN app, log in, and adjust security preferences, such as enabling the kill switch or selecting the preferred encryption protocol.
- Connect to a VPN Server – Choose a server location based on your needs:
- For privacy – Select a nearby, high-speed server.
- For bypassing geo-restrictions – Connect to a server in the country where the content is accessible.
- For secure remote work – Use a company-assigned VPN server.
- Verify Connection – Check your IP address and DNS leak status to ensure the VPN is active and functioning correctly.
- Use Securely – Keep the VPN enabled when accessing sensitive data, using public Wi-Fi, or handling confidential work documents.
By following these steps, users can ensure their VPN is properly set up for maximum security, privacy, and performance.
Orixcom provides enterprise grade connectivity solutions designed to ensure secure, high-performance connectivity for businesses of all sizes. With a focus on data encryption, network privacy, and seamless remote access, Orixcom’s VPN services help organisations protect sensitive communications while maintaining productivity. By leveraging robust encryption protocols and direct peering with major cloud providers, Orixcom ensures low-latency, high-security VPN connectivity. Whether businesses need to protect confidential data, comply with industry regulations, or enable global workforce connectivity, Orixcom delivers a reliable and scalable VPN infrastructure tailored to modern security needs.
Contributors:

Anthony Grower
Topic Specialist

Kelly Brighton
Topic Specialist

Richard Peace
Topic Specialist
Sources:
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